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Sains Malaysiana 55(9)(2026): 1592-1609
http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2026-5509-15
A Multivariate
Analysis of Demographic and Socioeconomic Determinants of Takaful Awareness,
Perception, Attitude, and Trust among Rural Plantation Communities in Malaysia
(Analisis Multivariat Kesan Faktor Demografi dan Sosioekonomi terhadap Kesedaran, Persepsi, Sikap dan Kepercayaan terhadap Takaful Dalam Kalangan Masyarakat Ladang Luar Bandar di Malaysia)
ZAIDI ISA*, RUBAYAH
YAKOB, NIK ABDUL RAHIM NIK ABD GHANI & ALI MOHAMED SAEDI
Department of Mathematical Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia
Received: 11 May 2026/Accepted: 8 September 2026
*Corresponding author; email: zaidiisa@ukm.edu.my
Abstract
This study examines how demographic and
socioeconomic characteristics influence Takaful awareness, perceptions,
attitudes, and trust among residents of a rural plantation community in
Malaysia. Takaful, an Islamic insurance system based on mutual assistance and
risk-sharing, offers financial protection aligned with Shariah principles.
However, awareness and participation remain uneven, particularly in rural areas
with limited access to financial information and services. Using a
cross-sectional survey design, data were collected through a structured
questionnaire with proportionate stratified from a rural palm oil plantation. A
one-way multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was sampling, yielding 1,199
valid responses employed to assess differences across four constructs: awareness,
perception, attitude, and trust based on demographic and socioeconomic
variables, including age, gender, education, occupation, and income. The
findings show significant differences across demographic groups, indicating
that individuals’ evaluation of Takaful is closely associated with their
socioeconomic background. Trust emerges as a critical factor shaping
perceptions of Takaful as a credible financial protection mechanism. These
results highlight that disparities reflect broader patterns of financial
vulnerability and exclusion. The study contributes to Islamic financial
inclusion literature and emphasizes targeted financial education and
trust-building strategies to enhance Takaful engagement.
Keywords: Countryside; demographic factors; individual behaviour; Malaysia; Takaful
demand
Abstrak
Kajian ini meneliti bagaimana ciri demografi dan sosioekonomi mempengaruhi kesedaran, persepsi, sikap dan kepercayaan terhadap Takaful dalam kalangan penduduk komuniti ladang luar bandar di Malaysia. Takaful merupakan sistem insurans Islam berasaskan prinsip saling membantu dan perkongsian risiko yang menyediakan perlindungan kewangan selaras dengan prinsip Syariah. Namun, tahap kesedaran dan penyertaan masih tidak sekata, khususnya di kawasan luar bandar yang mempunyai akses terhad kepada maklumat dan perkhidmatan kewangan. Menggunakan reka bentuk tinjauan keratan rentas, data dikumpulkan melalui soal selidik berstruktur dengan pensampelan berstrata berkadar, menghasilkan 1,199 respons sah daripada penduduk ladang kelapa sawit luar bandar. Analisis varians multivariat sehala (MANOVA) digunakan untuk menilai perbezaan merentasi empat konstruk kesedaran, persepsi, sikap dan kepercayaan berdasarkan pemboleh ubah demografi dan sosioekonomi seperti umur, jantina, pendidikan, pekerjaan dan pendapatan. Keputusan menunjukkan perbezaan signifikan antara kumpulan demografi, menandakan bahawa penilaian individu terhadap takaful berkait rapat dengan latar belakang sosioekonomi mereka. Kepercayaan muncul sebagai faktor penting dalam membentuk persepsi terhadap takaful sebagai mekanisme perlindungan kewangan yang diyakini. Hasil kajian ini menekankan bahawa jurang yang wujud mencerminkan kerentanan dan pengecualian kewangan dalam komuniti luar bandar serta menggariskan keperluan pendidikan kewangan dan strategi pembinaan kepercayaan yang bersasar bagi meningkatkan penglibatan takaful.
Kata kunci: Faktor demografi; kawasan luar bandar; Malaysia; permintaan takaful; tingkah laku individu
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